N 1 (34) 2025. P. 44–48

MECHANISMS OF THE IMPACT OF VARIOUS IONIZING RADIATION DOSES ON CELLULAR STRUCTURES AND THE ORGANISM: A LITERATURE REVIEW

A. A. Kostina, G. F. Stepanov, A. A. Dimova, Ye. Ye. Pelekhovych

Odesa National Medical University, Odesa, Ukraine

DOI https://doi.org/10.32782/2519-4151-2025-1-7

Research on the mechanisms of the impact of various ionizing radiation doses on living organisms is extremely important, as it allows us to understand how radiation affects cellular structures, tissues, and the organism as a whole. Such studies have both fundamental and applied significance. This work provides an analysis of modern literature sources dedicated to assessing the changes that occur at the cellular, genetic, and organismal levels under the influence of various doses of radiation. It has been established that even low doses of radiation can cause disruptions in genomic stability, changes in the functioning of the immune system, and cognitive disorders, while high doses significantly increase the risk of oncological and somatic diseases. The obtained data highlight the complexity and multifaceted nature of the impact of ionizing radiation on organisms, as well as the need for further research to understand the mechanisms of these effects and to develop effective strategies for protection and treatment.

Key words: ionizing radiation, radiation risk, radioresistance of the organism, genetic instability, radiation hormesis.

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