The authors consider the main stages of development, formation and present days of psychophysiology which is now an interdisciplinary science that studies neurophysiological bases of human mental activity in both ontogenetic and gender together with communicative and socio-cultural aspects. The progressive development of psycho-neurophysiology subtypes, anthropo-, psycho- and ontogenetics, psychopharmacogenetics and related disciplines has substantially enriched the integrative anthropology and psychology background. The conceptual principles of modern psychophysiology development which combines certain chapter of human physiology, neurophysiological mechanisms of higher mental functions and higher human nervous activity are given in the historical context.
The authors attracted great attention to physiologist Ivan Mikhailovich Sechenov epoch-making scientific works prominent importance for systemic psychophysiology establishment. The time interval of I. M. Sechenov work in Odessa is described. The conclusion is made that the outstanding I. M. Sechenov role in psychophysiology formation is that he was the first in the world to prove the legitimacy of the deterministic approach to the organization of all forms of human mental activity.