Information and computer technologies have approached a level that allows us to discuss not only the possibility of creating an artificial intelligence, but also the prospects for the existence of a natural mind outside the scope of the carrier, the human being, assigned to it by nature. Unreasonable overestimation of the real possibilities of information technology is due to the fact that their authors rely on the criterion of the computer’s intelligence from the position of the Turing test.
At the same time, any thinking activity, the result of which can be demonstrated by a computer, does not require thinking, since it requires manipulation with syntactic constructions. The formation of a human individuality does not begin with the accumulation of information, but with sensations, i. e. perception of external signals and their transfer to neural networks.
Computer intellect requires an algorithm from the very beginning, and at the origins of the formation of human consciousness there is an impulse — an electrophysiological influence that does not carry information and does not create any intellectual products that could be the object of testing. Thus, the human individuality begins not with the processing of information, but with that precedes it — the unconscious. The later the unconscious creates an awareness of one’s own individuality and own value. This non- algorithmic awareness can not be reproduced or created as a computer program. The unconscious — “Me-in-itself”, which forms an individuality, appears before us in the form of the “Me-for-us”.
Therefore, the Turing test does not allow to prove the presence of thinking of artificial intelligence as the presence of the “Me-in-myself”, i. e. consciousness of one’s own worth. So, under the same circumstances, the functionalists can state that an artificial intelligence has a consciousness, since it answers all conceivable questions in the same way as a person.
However, for the physicalists this argument proves nothing, and their position here is entirely in the spirit of Kant. Thus, the problem of artificial intelligence lies in the features of the formation and organization of human intelligence, and not in the possibilities of information technology. Information technologies based on algorithms can not connect the conscious and the unconscious — what happens in the process of the formation of human individuality. Therefore, thinking and reason will forever remain the prerogative of the human person.
After all, the ability to think is generated not by an algorithm, but by that initiates it — by an electrophysiological process occurring in the neural networks of the diencephalon of the brain. This peculiar generator of the unconscious, by its constant attendance and influence on the neocortex, creates in that not only an understanding of what it is doing, but also of the fact that it is he who does it. Thus, the human mind is not only an algorithm, but also the non-algorithmizable, which creates it.