The authors present original data and results of clinical studies on the current problem of traumatology-orthopedics, oncology, dentistry and related fields of medicine — replacement of bone defects while maintaining the ability to avoid the use of autologous bone. Success in the development of new and use of modern biomaterials, synthetic materials used to fill defects, replacement of tissues and functions of the human body plays a significant role in achieving success in this direction. The requirements for artificial synthetic biomaterials used to replace bone defects are rather stringent. Such material must have mechanical strength close to the indices of bone tissue modulus of elasticity, be biocompatible, have osteoconductivity, bioactivity or biodegrade with synchronous bone replacement. After presenting the data of modern literature and critically analyzing them, the authors state that it is the varieties of carbon biomaterial that are inherent in the quality of materials for bone replacement.
